¢Ò¢ä¿Ä¤J¦ÛµM»P¥Í¬¡¬ì§Þªº±Ð¾ÇÀ³¥Î

 

¤ý¤ë§ö 

°ª¶¯¿¤¯QªL°ê¤p±Ð®v

 

¤@¡B«e¨¥

¸ê°T¿Ä¤J¦b±Ð¾Ç³õ°ì¤¤¤w¦¨¥Ø«e¾Ç®Õ±À¼sªº­«ÂI¡A¦ÛµM»P¥Í¬¡¬ì§Þ»â°ì¦b±Ð¾Çµ²¦X¸ê°T¬ì§Þ¡B¾Ç®Õ¥»¦ì¡B¾Ç¬ì¨ú¦V¤Î¨ä¥L»â°ì½Òµ{¡A¨Ã»P®Õ¶é¤ÎªÀ°ÏÀô¹Ò¿Ä¬°¤@Åé¡A±Ð®v±Nµ¹¤©¾Ç¥Í§ó¦h¤¸¤Æªºª¾ÃÑ¡A¾Ç¥Í±q±Ð¾Ç¾úµ{¤¤«ØºcÄÝ©ó¦Û¤vªº»{ª¾Åé¨t¡C


¤G¡B«Øºc²z½×»P¦h¤¸´¼¼z½×

¡]¤@¡^«Øºc²z½×

    1.«Øºc¥D¸q¦³¨â­Ó¥D­nªº­ì²z¡]von Glasersfeld, 1987¡FWheatley, 1991¡^¡G

¡]1¡^ª¾ÃѤ£¬O³Q°Êªº±µ¨ü¡A¦Ó¬O»{ª¾ªº¥DÅé¥D°Ê«Øºc¦Ó¦¨ªº¡C

¡]2¡^»{ª¾ªº¥\¯à¦b©ó¾AÀ³¤Î¥Î¨Ó²Õ´¸gÅ窺¥@¬É¡C

 2.¾Ç²ß¤£¬O¨ë¿E¤ÏÀ³ªº²{¶H¡A¥¦»Ý­n¦Û§Ú½Õ¾ã¡A³z¹L¬Ù«ä©M©â¶H§@¥Î¨Ó«Ø¥ß·§©Àµ²ºc¡C¡]§f§J¤@¡A2001¡^

3.¾Ç²ßªÌ¶i¦æ¬ì¾Ç·§©À¾Ç²ß®É¡A±`ô¦b¨ä¹ï¸Ó¬ì¾Ç·§©Àªº¬J¦s²z¸Ñ¡A´«¨¥  

¤§¡A¾Ç²ßªÌ¨Æ¹ê¤W¬O§Q¥Î¨ä¥ý³Æª¾ÃÑ¡A¹ï©ó©ÒÆ[¹î¨ìªº¨Æ¶µ¶i¦æ¸àÄÀ¡F¦Ó¬ÛÃö·N¸qªº«Øºc¡A¬O¸g¥Ñ­Ó§O¾Ç²ßªÌ¹ï¨ä¬J¦s·Qªk¶i¦æ¥[¦¨(adding)©Î­×¹¢§@¥Î¦ÓÀò­Pªº¡]Dirver¡A1983¡FOsborne and Freyberg¡A1985¡FScoff¡A1987¡^¡Cªñ¦~¨Ó«Øºc¥D¸q©úÅ㪺½ÄÀ»¨ì°ê¡B¤º¥~¬ÛÃö¬ì¾Ç±Ð¨|ªº¬ã¨s½dÃ¥¡A³\¦hªº¬ã¨s³£­P¤O©óµo±¸¾Ç²ßªÌªº¥ý³Æª¾Ãѩΰg«ä·§©À¡AÀÀ¾Ú¥H§@¬°±Ð¾Ç½Õ¾ãªº¨ÌÂk¡]Blosser¡A1987¡FBishop& Anderson¡A1990¡F³¢­«¦N¡A1990¡F¶À¸U©~¡A1993¡^¡F¤]¦³·U¨Ó·U¦hªº±Ð®v³Q«Øºc¥D¸q­õ¾Ç©Ò»¡ªA¥B¥D°Ê±Ä¦æ³o¶µ²z½×¡A¨Ã¦b¨ä±Ð¾Çªº¹Lµ{¤¤¥[¥H¹ê½î¡]Brumby¡A1982¡F³\°·±N¡B³¢­«¦N¡B§õ¦¨±d¡A1992¡F¶À¤å«T¡A1994¡^¡C

4.¹ï©ó±Ð¨|¤Wªº±Ò¥Ü¡G

¡]1¡^1.½T»{¨àµ£¤ß´¼¦¨ªøªº¤ºµo©Ê»P¥D°Ê©Ê¡A¥H¨àµ£«äºû¼Ò¦¡¹ê¬Iª¾ÃѱÐ

   ¾Ç¡C

¡]2¡^½T»{¨àµ£»{ª¾µo®iªº¶¥¬q©Ê»P´¶¹M©Ê¡A´`¨àµ£»{ª¾µo®i¶¶§Ç³]­p½Òµ{¡C

¡]3¡^½T»{¨àµ£»{ª¾µo®i¶¥¬q¦¨ªø³t«×¤£¤@¡A´L­«­Ó§O®t²§¹ê¬I­Ó§O¤Æ±Ð¾Ç¡C

¡]4¡^¬°«P¶i¨àµ£¤ß´¼µo®iªº±Ð¨|¥\¯à¡A±Ð¨|À³­ÝÅUª¾ÃÑ»{ª¾»PªÀ·|¦æ¬°µo ®i¡C¡]®}¤ë±ö¡A2000¡^

 

¡]¤G¡^¦h¤¸´¼¼z²z½×

1.         ­{¯Ç¡]Gardner¡^¦b1983¦~»{¬°¡G¤HÃþ´¼¯à¥²»Ý­n¦³¤@®M¸Ñ¨M°ÝÃDªº§Þ¥©¡A¨Ï­Ó¤H±o¥H¸Ñ¨M©Ò¾D¹Jªº°ÝÃD©Î§xÃø¡A¦P®É¦b¾A·í®É¾÷³Ð³y¦³®Äªº¦¨ªG¡F¦Ó¥B¤HÃþ´¼¯à¥²¶·¥]¬A´M§ä©Î³Ð³y°ÝÃDªº¼ç¯à¡A¤~¯à¬°Àò±o·sª¾Ãѳþ¤U°ò¦(¤Þ¦Û²ø¦w¸RĶ¡A¥Á87)¡C1999¦~Gardner´£¥X§óºë½Tªº´¼¯à©w¸q¡A»{¬°´¼¯à¬O¡u¤@ºØ³B²z°T®§ªº¥Í²z¤ß²z¼ç¯à(biopsychological potential)¡A³o¨Ç¼ç¯à¦b¬YºØ¤å¤Æ±¡¹Ò¤¤¡A¥i¯à³Q¿Eµo¨Ó¸Ñ¨M°ÝÃD©Î³Ð§@¸Ó¤å¤Æ©Ò­«µøªº²£«~¡C¡v

2.         ®Ú¾Ú¦h¤¸´¼¼z²z½×¡A¤ß´¼¤¤¸Ñ¨M°ÝÃDªº¯à¤O¬O¦h­±¦Vªº¡A³o¶W¶V¹L¥h¥u§â´¼¼z¯¶¤Æ¬°Àu²§ªº»y¤å©M¼Æ¾Çªí²{ªº¶Ç²ÎÆ[ÂI¡C¦b1983-1995¦~¡A­{¯Ç½T»{¤KºØ´¼¼zªº§Î¦¡¡G»y¤å¡BÅÞ¿è-¼Æ¾Ç¡Bµøı-ªÅ¶¡¡BªÏÅé-°Êı¡B­µ¼Ö¡B¤H»Ú©M¤º¬Ù´¼¼z¡B¦ÛµMÆ[¹îªÌ´¼¼z¡C³Ìªñ¡A­{¯Ç¤S´£¥X¤F²Ä¤EºØ´¼¼z¡G¦s¦b´¼¼z¡A³o¬O«ü¤HÃþ´÷±æ¯à°÷²z¸Ñ©M°l¨D¥Í©Rªº²×·¥°ÝÃD¡B·N¸q©M¶ø¯µ¡C

3.         ¦h¤¸´¼¼z²z½×´£¨Ñ¤@­Ó»y¨¥©Î¦r·J¥h¹îı©M²M·¡»¡©ú¾Ç¥Í¤Ñ¤Àªº¦hºØ²Õ¦X¡C¹L¥h¦b¶Ç²Îªº½Òµ{¤¤¡A»y¤å©M¼Æ¾Ç§Þ¯à³q±`©~©ó¥D®_ªº¦a¦ì¡A«Ü¤Ö¦³¨ä¥L¥i¥Îªº§@ªk¥h½T»{¾Ç¥Íªº¤~¯à¡A¹ï¦¹¦Ñ®v­Ì¸g±`²`ªí®À§éµL©`¡CµM¦Ó¡A²{¦b¹B¥Î¦h¤¸´¼¼z²z½×¡A±Ð®v¥i¥H°w¹ï¾Ç¥Íªº¯à¤O§ä¨ì¤@­Ó¤ñ¸û¼e¼sªº¥úÃСC¡]Bruce Campbellµ¥¡A±ç¶³Áø Ķ¡A2000¡^

4.         ±i¸X¬ü¡]2000¡^«ü¥X¡J¦@¦P°Ñ»Pªº­«­n©Ê¥i¥Ñ­{¯Ç´£¥Xªº¦h¤¸´¼¼z½×¨Ó¦LÃÒ¡C¦]¦¹¡A¦b±Ð§ïªº¹Lµ{¤¤¡A¦p¦³¤£¦P¹Î¶¤°Ñ»P¶°«ä¼s¯q¥H¸¨¹ê¦³·N¸qªº¾Ç®Õ½Òµ{§ï­²¡A³o¼Ë±N¥i¥H±a¦n¨C¤@¦ì¾Ç¥Í¡C

5.         ³¢«T½å©M³¯²Q´f¡]1998¡^¦b¡m¦h¤¸´¼¼zªº±Ð»P¾Ç¡n¤@®Ñ¤¤´£¥X¦³§Q©ó¦h¤¸´¼¼zµo®iªºÀô¹Ò¡A¨ä¤¤¡u¤H»Ú´¼¼z¡v¥i¥Î¡u¦X§@¾Ç²ß¡v¡B¡u´L­«­Ó§O®t²§¡vªºÀô¹Ò¨Óµo®i¾Ç²ß¡F¡u¤º¬Ù´¼¼z¡v¥iµ½¥Î³z¹L¥L¤H»{ÃѦۤv¡B«ä¦Ò§Þ¥©¡B±¡ºü´¼¼z±Ð¨|¤Î¼g¤é°Oµ¥Àô¹Ò¨Óµo®i»P¾Ç²ß¡C¥Ñ¤W­zÆ[ÂI¡A§Ú­Ì¤F¸Ñ±q¦h¤¸´¼¼zÆ[ÂI¡A¥i³z¹L¾Ç²ß¾úµ{¡B¾Ç²ßÀô¹Òªº«Ø¥ß¡B»P¦UºØ±Ð¾Çµ¦²¤µ¥¡AÅý¨ã¦³¤£¦P´¼¼zªº¾Ç²ßªÌ¦U®iªø¤~¡A¥HÄÀ©ñ¥X¥L­Ì¾Ç²ßªº¼ç¯àзNªºªí²{¡C®v¥Í¥i¥H¤@°_¹F¦¨¤@­Ó±Ð¨|ªº¥D­n¥Ø¼Ð¢w¾Ç·|¦p¦ó¾Ç²ß»P¦p¦ó§ïµ½¦Û¤vªº¾Ç²ß¡C¡]ªLÀRµÓ¡B·¨©[­ì¡A¥Á93¡^

¤T¡B±Ð¾Ç¬¡°Ê¥Ü¨Ò

¡]¤@¡^±Ð¾Ç³æ¤¸¦WºÙ¡Gºñ¨§ªº¥Íªø

¡]¤G¡^±Ð¾Ç½Òµ{»â°ì¡G¦ÛµM»P¥Í¬¡¬ì§Þ

¡]¤T¡^±Ð¾Ç¦~¯Å    ¡G°ê¤p¤»¦~¯Å

¡]¥|¡^±Ð¾Ç®É¶¡¡@¡@¡G¢³¢¯¤ÀÄÁ

¡]¤­¡^±Ð¾Ç¦aÂI¡@¡@¡G¤@¯ë±Ð«Ç

¡]¤»¡^±Ð¾Ç¸ê·½    ¡G¤G¥xDV¡A¤@¥]ºñ¨§¡A¼Æ­Ó°ö¾i¥×

¡]¤C¡^±Ð¾Ç¥Ø¼Ð¡@¡@

1.ÁA¸Ñºñ¨§ªº¥Î³~¡C

2.»{ÃѺñ¨§°ò¥»ºc³y¡C

3.ÁA¸Ñ¾Þ§@ªºª`·N¨Æ©y¡C

4.ÁA¸Ñ¤¶½èªººØÃþ¡C

5.ÁA¸Ñ¤¶½è©ñ¸mªºµ{§Ç¡C

6.ÁA¸Ñ¾Þ§@¹Lµ{ªº¯Ê¥¢¨Ã­×¥¿¡C

7.ªY½à§O¤Hªº§@«~¡C

¡]¤K¡^¤E¦~¤@³e¯à¤O«ü¼Ð

1-3-1-1 ¯à¨Ì³Wµeªº¹êÅç¨BÆJ¨Ó°õ¦æ¾Þ§@

1-3-5-4 Ä@·N»P¦P¾«¬Û¤¬·¾³q¡A¦@¨É¬¡°Êªº¼Ö½ì
2-3-6-3 »{ÃѸê°T¬ì§Þ³]³Æ

 ¡]¤E¡^±Ð¾Ç¬yµ{

        1.»¡©ú¥Î³~¡C

        2.»¡©ú¥~Æ[¤Îºc³y¡C

3.¸Ñ»¡¾Þ§@ª`·N¨Æ¶µ¡C

4.»¡©ú¾Þ§@¨BÆJ¤Î¬yµ{¡C

5.¾Ç¥Í¤À²Õ¾Þ§@¡C

6.§e²{¾Þ§@¹Lµ{¡C

¡]¤Q¡^±Ð¾Çµû¶q 

        1.¤fÀY³ø§i¡C

2.¾Þ§@µû¶q¡C

3.¬¡°Êªí²{¡C

4.¹Î¶¤¦¨ªG

5.¾Ç²ß³æ

¡]¤Q¤@¡^±Ð¾Ç¬¡°Ê

±Ð¾Ç

¥Ø¼Ð¤Î¯à¤O«ü¼Ð

¬¡°Ê¹Lµ{

®É¶¡

²Ö­p®É¶¡

±Ð¾Ç¸ê·½

³Æµù

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(¤C)-1

 

(¤C)-2

2-3-6-3

 

 

 

 

(¤C)-3

 

(¤C)-4

(¤C)-5

1-3-1-1

 

(¤C)-6

 

(¤C)-7

1-3-5-4

¡]¤@¡^·Ç³Æ¨Æ©y

        1.±Ð®v¤è­±¡G

      a.ÁA¸Ñºñ¨§ªº°ò¥»ºc³y¤Î¥Î³~¡C

          b.ÁA¸Ñ±Ð§÷¤º®e¥i¥H¥HDV¿Ä¤J±Ð

       ¾Ç¤¤ªº³¡¤À¡C

        2.¾Ç¥Í¤è­±¡G

          a.¨Æ¥ý¦bºô¸ô©Î®Ñ³øÂø»x¤W´M§ä¦³

       Ãöºñ¨§ªº¸ê®Æ¡C

¡]¤G¡^±Ð¾Ç¾úµ{

    1.¤Þ°_°Ê¾÷

      ±Ð®v¼½©ñ»P´Óª«¬ÛÃöªº¼v¤ù¥H´£°ª¾Ç¥Í¾Ç²ß¿³½ì¡AÂǦ¹¾É¤J¥DÃD¡C

¡@¡@2.±Ð¾Ç¶i¦æ

     a.±Ð®v»¡©úºñ¨§¦b¤é±`¥Í¬¡¤Wªº¥Î³~¡A¨Ã½Ð¾Ç¥ÍÁ|¨Ò¡C

     b.±Ð®v¥HDV¬°±Ð§U¡AÁ¿¸Ñºñ¨§¥~Æ[¤Î°ò¥»ºc³y¡A¦bÁ¿¸Ñ¹Lµ{¤¤¡A¥H¥t¤@¥x¬[¦nªºDV¨Ó°µ§½³¡ªº©ñ¤jµe­±¡AÅý«á­±ªº¾Ç¥Í²M·¡¬Ý¨ì¥~Æ[ºc³y¡C

¡@¡@ c.½Ð¾Ç¥Í»¡¬Ý¬ÝºØ´Ó®ÉÀ³ª`·Nªº¨Æ¶µ¡A±Ð®v¦A°µ¸É¥R¡A¦p¤ô¤À¦h¤Ö¡B¤é®Í±j«×¡B©ñ¸m¦a¤è¡Kµ¥¡C

     d.¾Ç¥Í¤À²Õ¾Þ§@¡A±Ð®v½Ð¾Ç¥Íª`·N¤¶½èªººØÃþ¤Î¦p¦óÂ\©ñ¡A±Ð®v©çÄá¾Ç¥Í¾Þ§@¹Lµ{¡C

¡]¤T¡^µû¶q¬¡°Ê

     a.¼½©ñ¾Ç¥Í¾Þ§@ªº¤ù¬q¡A¼½©ñ¤¤¼È°±¼Æ¦¸¥H½Ð¾Ç¥Í»¡»¡§ï¶iªº¦a¤è¡C

     b.§¹¦¨¥»¸`¹êÅç¡A¨Ã¼Ð¥Ü²Õ§O¡A©ó¤ÈÀ\®ÉÅý¾Ç¥ÍÆ[½à¦U²Õ¦¨ªG¡C

¥»±Ð¾Çµ²§ô

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3¡¦

 

 

3¡¦

 

 

5¡¦

 

 

 

 

8¡¦

 

 

 

15¡¦

 

 

5¡¦

 

1¡¦

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3¡¦

 

 

6¡¦

 

 

11¡¦

 

 

 

 

19¡¦

 

 

 

34¡¦

 

 

39¡¦

 

40¡¦

 

±Ð¾Ç¼v¤ù

ªÅ¥ÕºÏ±a

³æºj

¥¬¹õ

¼Æ¦ìÄá¿ý¼v¾÷DV

¹qµø

ºñ¨§

°ö¾i¥×

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

¥i§Q¥Î¤W¹Ï®ÑÀ]©Î¹q¸£½Ò®É¶¡¬d¾\

 

 

¥u­n¬O¼v¤ù§Y¥i

 

 

 

 

¥D­n¬OÅý¾Ç¥Í¥i¥H²M·¡¬Ý¨ì

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

±µ­ì¯Z±Ð«Çªº¹qµø

¡@

¥|¡B¬ã¨s°ÝÃD

(1)      ¥ÎDV§e²{¹Lµ{¤Î¦¨ªG¬O§_¯à«P°Ê¾Ç¥Í«ùÄò¾Ç²ßªº¿³½ì¡H

(2)      DV¿Ä¤J¨ä¥L¾Ç¬ì»â°ì¦³¦ó®t²§¤Î­­¨î¡H

 

¤­¡B¬ã¨s¬Ù«ä

        ¥HDV¿Ä¤J±Ð¾Ç¤¤¥i¬Ý¥X±Ð¾ÇªÌ¹ï©ó¥Ø«e¦U¯Å¾Ç®Õ©Ò±À¼sªº¸ê°T¿Ä¤J±Ð¾Çªº¥Î¤ß¡A¥H¡uºñ¨§ªº¥Íªø¡v¬°ÃD¸ó¶V¦U»â°ì¾Ç¬ìªº­­¨î¡A±N­ì¥»¦ºªOªOªº¹êÅç±Ð¾ÇÅܱo§ó¬¡¼â¡A§ó¦³¤º²[¡AÅý¾Ç¥Í±q¤¤Åé·|¦P¾«¦X§@¾Ç²ßªº¼Ö½ì¡A±q¹Lµ{¤¤«ØºcÄÝ©ó¦Û¤vªºª¾ÃÑÅé¨t¡A¾Ç±o±a±o¨«ªº¯à¤O¡A²Å¦X¤F¤E¦~¤@³e½Òµ{ªººë¯«¡C

        ¬Û¹ï¦b±Ð§÷²`«×¤W¤ñ¸û¤£°÷²`¤J±´°Q¥~¡A¨ä¥L³¡¥÷¤@¤@¤À­z³ø§i¡G

(1)      ±Ð¾Ç¥Ø¼Ð¡G­n±j½Õ­«ÂI©Ò¦b¡A¬¡°Ê¤º®e©TµM­«­n¡A¥i¬Oªá±o®É¶¡¤Ó¦h¥i¯à¦³¥¢µJªº°ÝÃD¥X²{¡A±Ð¾ÇªÌ¹ï©ó±Ð¾Ç¥Ø¼Ðªº«Øij´x´¤­n±o©y¡C

(2)      ±Ð¾Ç±¡¹Ò¡G±Ð¾Ç®ðª^¯à°÷¤Þ°_¾Ç¥Í¾Ç²ß°Ê¾÷¡A¹B¥Î±Ð¾Ç´CÅé¦X¥G¸ê°T¿Ä¤J±Ð¾Çºë¯«¡A¥B®É¶¡¨S¦³¥e¥Î¤Óªø¡A±Ð¾Ç¤º®eªº¦w±Æ¤ñ¨Ò¤£¿ù¡C

(3)      ±Ð¾Ç¸ê·½¡G³æºj¡B¹q¸£¡B¼W±jª«¡B±Ð¨ã¡A·Ç³Æ©P¥þ¡A¦ý¥Ñ©ó®É¶¡¥u¦³¤Q¤G¤ÀÄÁ°ò¥»¤W¤£»Ý¥Î¨ì¤Ó¦hªº»²§U¥Î¨ã¡A©Ò¥H±Ð¾ÇªÌ¦b®É¶¡¤W¤]À³¦Ò¶q¨ì¡A¥H·Ç³Æ±Ð¨ãªº¥÷¶q¡C

(4)      ±Ð¾Ç¹Lµ{¡G±Ð§÷¤º®e¥H¤@¸`½Ò¨Ó§¹¦¨¦ü¥G¤£¤Ó°÷¡A¥Ñ©ó¤º®e¤W¦³¼v¤ù¼½©ñ¡B¹êÅç¹Lµ{¤Î¨ä¥L¬¡°Êªº¤À°t¡A«Øij±Ð¾Ç¬¡°Ê³]­p¥i¥H¦w±Æ¦¨¤G¸`½Ò¡C

(5)      ±Ð¾Çµû¶q¡G±qµû¶qªí¨Ó¬Ý¡A±Ð¾ÇªÌ­ÝÅU¦P¾Ç¤Î±Ð®v¨â¤èªºµû¤ñ¡A³o¼Ëªºµû¶q·|¤ñ¸û«ÈÆ[¡Aµû¶q¤º®e²³æ©öÁA¸Ñ¡A¬O¤@¥÷«Ü¤£¿ùªºµû¶q°Ñ¦Ò¡AÁöµM¥i¯à¦b®É¶¡ªºªá¶O©Î³\·|¸û¤[¡A¾Ç¥Í©Ò¾Ç¨ìªºª¾¯à·Q¥²«Ü¦h¡C

 

¤»¡Bµ²½×

        ±Ð¾ÇªÌ¦b±Ð§÷¤º®eªº³]­p¤Î¦b±Ð¾Ç¥Ø¼Ð¤Î±Ð¨ã¤W»Ý¦h¥[³]·Q¥~¡A¨ä¾l³¡¥÷ªº¦w±Æ±o©y¥B¦³¤º®e¡A±Ð¾Ç¤£¥¢¬¡¼â¡A¾Ç¥Í¦b±Ð¾Ç«e«á¦³·Ç³Æ¤]¦³¦^õX¡A¥t¥~¡A«Øij¦b±Ð¾Ç®É¹ï©ó¾Ç¥Íªº­Ó§O®t²§­nÀH®Éª`·N¡A§_«h¦b¤p²Õ¦X§@¤W·|¦³Àu¦H¤§别¡C

¡@

°Ñ¦Ò¤åÄm

¤¤¤å³¡¤À

Bruce Campbell etc.¡]2000¡^. Multiple Intelligences and Student Achievement. ±ç¶³Áø¡]Ķ¡^¡C¦h¤¸´¼¼z©M¾Ç¥Í¦¨´N ¡C¥x¥_¡G»·¬y¡C

Gardner, H.¡]1998¡^. Frames of Mind.²ø¦w¸R¡]Ķ¡^¡C7ºØIQ¡C¥x¥_¡G®É³ø¤å¤Æ¡C

§f§J¤@¡]¥Á90¡^¡C¤ß²z¾Ç¡C®ç¶é¡G¿Ã³·¡C

ªLÀRµÓ¡B·¨©[­ì¡]¥Á93¡^¡C¦ÛµM»P¥Í¬¡¬ì§Þ»â°ì±Ð¾Ç¸gÅç½Í¡X¡X¤p²Õ¦X§@¾Ç²ß¤§¦¨®Ä¡C°ê¥ß½sĶÀ]À]¥Z¡A32¡]1¡^¡A78-84¡C

®}¤ë±ö¡]2000¡^¡C¨àµ£±MÃD¾É¦V¾Ç²ßªº²z½×°ò¦»P¹ê°È¡C¥Á94¦~7¤ë14¤é¡A¨ú¦Ûhttp://www.nhltc.edu.tw/~su/lib/lib54.doc

±i¸X¬ü¡]¥Á 89¡^¡C¾Ç®Õ¹ê½î¦h¤¸´¼¼z½×ªº¤è°w©M¬D¾Ô¡C±Ð®v¤Ñ¦a¡A106 ¡A14-21 ¡C

³\°·±N¡B³¢­«¦N¡B§õ¦¨±d¡]1992¡^¡C§Q¥Î¤G¬q¦¡´úÅç±´¬d°ª¤T¾Ç¥Í¦³Ãö¦@»ùÁä¤Î¤À¤lµ²ºc¤§°g«ä·§©À¡C¬ì¾Ç±Ð¨|¡A3¡A175-196¡C

³¢«T½å¡B³¯²Q´f¡]¥Á 87¡^¡C¦h¤¸´¼¼zªº±Ð»P¾Ç¡C¥x¥_¡G»·¬y¡C

³¢­«¦N¡]1990¡^¡C¾Ç¥Í¬ì¾Çª¾ÃÑ»{ª¾µ²ªºµû¦ô»P´y­z¡C°ê¥ß¹ü¤Æ®v½d¤j¾Ç¾Ç³ø¡A1¡A279-319¡C

¶À¤å«T¡]1994¡^¡C°ê¤¤¥Íª«²zÀ£¤O°g«ä·§©À¤Î·§©À§ïÅܱоǥi¦æ©Ê¤§¬ã¨s¡C²H¦¿¤j¾Ç±Ð¨|¸ê®Æ¬ì¾Ç¬ã¨s©ÒºÓ¤h½×¤å¡A¥¼¥Xª©¡A¥x¥_¿¤¡C

¶À¸U©~¡]1993¡^¡C°ê¤p¾Ç¥Íªº·§©Àºc¹Ï©M¦ÛµM¬ì¾Ç¾Ç²ß¦¨´N¤§¬ã¨s¡C¥x¥_¥«¥ß®v½d¾Ç°|¾Ç³ø¡A24¡A47-66¡C

 

­^¤å³¡¤À

Bishop,B.A.,& Anderson,C.W.(1990). student conceptions of natural selection and its role in evolution. Journal of Research in science Teaching, 27(5) , 415-427.

Blosser(1987). Science misconception research and someimplication for the teaching to elementary school students, EIRC ED 282776.

Brumby,M.(1982). Students¡¦ perceptions of the concept of life. Science Education, 66(4), 613-622.

Driver, R. (1983). The Pupil as Scientist? Milton Keynes, Open University Press.

Gardner, H.(1983).¡@Frames of mind: The theory of multiple intelligence. New York: Basic Books.

Osborne, R., and Freyberg, P. (1985). Learning in Science. Auckland, Heinemann.

Scott, P. (1987). A Constructivist View of Teaching and Learning. Leeds, Children's Learning in Science Project, University of Leeds.

Von Glasersfeld, E. (1993). Questions and answers about radical constructivism. In K. Tobin¡]Ed.¡^,The practice of constructivism in science education(pp.23-38), Hillsdale N. J.¡GLawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Wheatley, G. H. (1991). Constructivist perspectives on science and mathematice learning. Science Education, 75(1), 9-21.

White, N., Blythe,T., ¡® Gardner, H.(1995).¡@Multiple intelligences theory: Creating the thoughtful classroom. In R. Fogarty & J. Bellanca.(Eds.), Multiple intelligences: A collection. Palatine, Illinois: IRI/Skylight Publishing.

 

¦^­º­¶