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Galambos, 1991; Coltrane,1995; Yogman, Kindlon, & Earls, 1995; Lamb, 1997;
Starrels, 1994; Williams, Radin, & Allegro, 1992)¡C¦¹¥~¡A¤÷¾°Ñ»P°£¤F¦b¨àµ£ªº©Ê§O¨èªO¦L¶H¡B©Ê§O¨¤¦âºA«×¡B«Ä¤lªºªÀ·|¤Æµo®i¡]Baruch & Barnett, 1986¡FªL¾_¶²¡A1993¡F³¯¾å¼z¡A1999¡^¦³¥¿±ªº¼vÅT¥~¡AÁÙ¥i´£°ª«Ä¤lªº¤º±±¤O¤Î»{ª¾µo®i(McBride, 1990)¨ÃÀ°§U¨ä©Ê§O¨¤¦â»{¦Pªº¶ì³y(Baruch & Barnett, 1986)¡C¼x½Ñ¤Wz¬ã¨s¡A¥i¬Ý¥X¤÷¾°Ñ»P¹ï¤l¤kªº¥¿±¼vÅT»P«n©Ê¡A¬OµL±e¸mºÃªº¡A¦]¦¹¹ï¼vÅT¤÷¾°Ñ»Pªº¦]¯Àªº¤F¸Ñ´N¶V¨è¤£®e½w¡C
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¹Ï1.¤HÃþµo®i¥ÍºA¹Ï
µù¡G¤Þ¦ÛGarbarino,
J., & Abramowitz, R. H. (1992). The ecology of human development. In J. Garbarino, (Eds.),
Children and families in the social environment(2nd) p. 29.
Doherty, Kouneski & Erickson¡]1998¡^§YÀ³¥Î¥ÍºA¨t²ÎªºÆ[ÂI¡A«Øºc¥X¼vÅT¤÷¾°Ñ»Pªº·§©À¼Ò¦¡¡A¦¹ºØÆ[ÂI»{¬°¤÷¿Ë¡B¥À¿Ë©M«Ä¤lªº©¯ºÖ¬O¬Û¤¬ªÈÄñªº¡A¤£¦A¬O¹s©MÆ[ÂI¡C©Ò¿×ªº¤÷¾¤£À³³æ«ü¤@ÓÓ§Oªº¨k©Ê¯S½è¦æ¬°©Î¤÷¤lÃö«Y¡A¦Ó¬O¯A¤Î¤÷¿Ë¡B¥À¿Ë¡B«Ä¤l¾ãÓ¤j®a®x¡]¥]¬A¿Ë±¡^¡BªÀ°Ï¡B¤å¤Æ¡B²Õ´ªº¦hÃä¹Lµ{¡C¦p¤U¹Ï¡G

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1985; Weissman & Cohen, 1985)ªº¥ë¦ñÃö«Y¡A¤]»{¬°±´°Q¡u¿Ë¾Áp·ù¡v¹ï®a®x¨ä¥L¦¸¨t²Îªº¼vÅT¦³¨ä¥²n©Ê¡C
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