86學年甄試試題
※答題須知：以下三大類題，各選一題作答。（試題共兩頁）
第一類題：
1.宋明理學與先秦儒家思想的關係為何？宋明理學有那些重要的議題？又有那些重要的思想家？請簡要說明。
2.試論先秦道家與魏晉新道家之傳承關係及其異同？
3.印度佛教自東漢明帝時傳入中國，歷經南北朝之譯介與傳衍，至隋唐而大為興盛；這期間由於對佛教義理的吸收與消化，形成了許多宗派與不同的教義系統。請依個人之理解，將此階段重要之佛教宗派與佛學思想簡要說明。
第二類題：
1.請說明柏拉圖哲學與詭辯學者（The Platonic Philosophy and the Sophists）之間的對立以及這一個對立在哲學史中所產生的影響。
2.請簡述康德（I.kant）哲學中針對道德知識與科學知識所作的區分，並請針對此區分作評論 。
3.密爾（J.S.Mill）對自由的維護及其功利主義（Utility）強調二者之間有否矛盾？請說明之。
第三類題：
Nominalism
1. The theory that things do not have essences.
2. Definitions, and languages in general, do not refer to things but deal with the names (terms) we attach to things.
3. All universal terms, such as those indicating genus/species distinctions, and all general collective terms are only fictional names (artificial and arbitrary symbols) and have no objective, real existences that correspond to them.
4. Only particular existents (particulars) exist. Abstractions, universals, ideas, essences are only products of our language and/or of how our mind understands reality. They do not communicate what reality is like.
5.Abstractions such as "human" (a) are merely names that can be used to refer to more than one particular, (b)have no objectiveexistence as an entity "human" or "humanhood" shared by all particular humans, and (c) cannot evenbe present in consciousness as an abstract idea or concept of " human" , "humanhood. "